CDC: “Vaccines and Immunizations: Glossary,” “Frequently Asked Questions -- Coronavirus Disease 2019 Basics,” “Understanding How Vaccines Work,” “Polio Elimination in the United States.”Science Media Centre: “Expert Comments About Herd Immunity.”© 2005 - 2019 WebMD LLC. The infection rates drop, and the disease peters out.Imperial College London: “Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduce COVID-19 mortality and healthcare demand.” The R0 tells you the average number of people that a single person with the virus can infect if those people aren’t already immune. The principle of community immunity applies to control of a variety of contagious diseases, including influenza, measles, mumps, rotavirus, and pneumococcal disease. But how can we get to that point?Get Bloomberg School expert insights on COVID-19 delivered to your email inbox.Scientists are working furiously to develop an effective vaccine. One reason why immunization works is the herd immunity it gives. Stopping it will require a significant percentage of people to be immune. In a population in which a large proportion of individuals possess immunity, such people being unlikely to contribute to disease transmission, chains … It also means 50% to 67% of the population would need to be resistant before herd immunity kicks in and the infection rates start to go down.Another potential barrier is that we don’t know how strong the immune protection is or how long it will last in people who’ve had COVID-19. Based on early estimates of this virus’s infectiousness, we will likely need at least 70% of the population to be immune to have herd protection.The physical distancing measures needed may vary over time and will not always need to be as strict as our current shelter-in-place laws. But the situation for SARS-CoV-2 is very different: COVID-19 carries a much higher risk of severe disease and even death.For infections without a vaccine, even if many adults have developed immunity because of prior infection, the disease can still circulate among children and can still infect those with weakened immune systems. Herd immunity (also called herd effect, community immunity, population immunity, or social immunity) is a form of indirect protection from infectious disease that occurs when a large percentage of a population has become immune to an infection, whether through vaccinationor previous infections, thereby providing a measure of protection for individuals who are not immune. We vaccinate the masses, causing herd immunity, to protect the relatively few who would otherwise become ill and suffer devastating consequences.

If the coronavirus is like the flu, we can expect a few months of protection.While not every single individual may be immune, the group as a whole has protection. In the meantime, as most of the population remains uninfected with SARS-CoV-2, some measures will be required to prevent explosive outbreaks like those we’ve seen in places like New York City.This work is made possible in part by contributions from Bloomberg School donors The top box depicts a community in which no one is immunized and an outbreak occurs. There’s no existing immunity to build on.John Hopkins Medicine: “The Immune System.”Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine: “Critical Immunity Thresholds for Measles Elimination.”National Institutes of Health: “NIH clinical trial of investigational vaccine for COVID-19 begins.”When does a community reach herd immunity? 集団免疫（しゅうだんめんえき、英: herd immunity, herd effect, community immunity, population immunity, social immunity）とは、ある感染症 に対して 集団の 大部分が免疫 を持っている 際に 生じる 間接的な 保護効果 であり、免疫を持たない人 を保護する 手段 である。 This means that one person can infect two to three other people. I wish it was." Early research on monkeys showed that they made antibodies to the virus that protected them from a second infection a month later. This was seen for many of the aforementioned diseases before vaccines were developed.When most of a population is immune to an infectious disease, this provides indirect protection—or herd immunity (also called herd protection)—to those who are not immune to the disease.As with any other infection, there are two ways to achieve herd immunity: A large proportion of the population either gets infected or gets a protective vaccine. When the coronavirus that causes COVID-19 first started to spread, virtually nobody was immune.With some other diseases, such as chickenpox before the varicella vaccine was developed, people sometimes exposed themselves intentionally as a way of achieving immunity. When most of a population is immune to an infectious disease, this provides indirect protection—or herd immunity (also called herd protection)—to those who are not immune to the disease. The higher the R0, the more people need to be resistant to reach herd immunity.WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.Herd immunity protects at-risk populations.

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